Clinical Case Reports

Biography

Biography: Alka Ahuja

Abstract

Nanoparticles are used in biomedical applications as drug carriers or imaging agents. These include polymeric nanoparticles, SLN, NLC and lipoplexes. The lecture will cover classification and methods of preparation of nanoparticles including polymeric, nonpolymeric and metallic nanoparticles. Therapeutic strategies for tumor targeting using nano particulate systems including Pegylation, role of nanoparticles in inhibition of p-glycoproteins and to overcome drug resistance in tumors as well as application of non-viral gene therapy using nanoparticles will be highlighted. The presentation will highlight the research work which achieved the objective of making transition and paradigm shift of conventional ropinirole formulation to the modern nanotechnology based system for the anti-Parkinson activity. The optimized formulations were designed in nanometric state with mucoadhesion property which synergized and improved the pharmacokinetics requirement in the disease. The route of administration via nose demonstrated and authenticated the concept of nose to brain targeting in the safe effective manner. The optimized formulation consisted of sefsol, tween 80 and transcutol P (NEROP27) showing desirable particle size, % transmittance, ex vivo permeation and PC. Nanoemulsion NEGM1 provided the highest porcine nasal mucosa supported release (72.23%) amongst the optimized formulations whereas ropinirole solution showed a release of only 11.9% in 24 h. Homogenized nanoemulsion formulations were coated with chitosan to increase the effective mucoadhesion. The tagged formulations were administered into alternating nostrils (total volume = 15 µl in each nostril), and the rat was exposed under the gamma camera for imaging and at specified time interval. The drug level in different organs was estimated by gamma scintigraphy. Thus, coated and non-coated nanoemulsions exhibited significantly higher distribution of radioactivity (p<0.05) in the brain as compared to the other body organs when compared with the nasal and I.V. solutions of ropinirole. The higher brain uptake of nanoemulsion could be attributed to the superior permeation of the nanocarriers across the biological barriers. Different brain targeting parameters also favoured the nose to brain drug delivery over the intravenous route of administration. Brain uptake was significantly (P<0.05) increased (in terms of Cmax and AUC) for the mucoadhesive formulation (CSNEROP) as compared to a simple nasal SolnROP formulation.